Data communication is crucial to our ever-growing digital world. Understanding how different types of data transmission function is essential to constructing reliable and efficient networks. Different methods determine how data is transmitted.
To efficiently transfer data the hardware in a data communication circuit uses a variety of techniques, including multiplexing as well as demultiplexing, which are processes that combine and separate signals into single composite ones for transmission, and then back into individual components. This maximizes bandwidth utilization and lowers costs. Error detecting codes and signal amplifiers also minimize data corruption from noise or momentary electrical disturbances that may change bits of data while they travel along an electronic communication channel.
Data communications also come with an array (protocol) of rules which are followed by the computers of the sender as well as the receiver. These rules ensure that the message is read and accepted without error.
The sender can be a computer, or a different device that creates the message and then transmits it. It could take the form of text, numbers, images or sound recordings. The device or computer which receives a message could be the same or different from the sender. The transmission medium is the physical route from the sender to the receiver. It could be a wired media such as twisted pair wire or fiber optic cable or wireless like lasers, radio waves or microwaves.
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